Public transportation:Very safe
Public transportation in Takayama, including buses and trains, is extremely safe. The vehicles are well-maintained, drivers are professional, and crimes are extremely rare. The users are respectful of one another, and the environment is generally very comfortable for solo female travelers. English signage is present, so you should not have any problems navigating, even if you don't speak Japanese. However, bus and train services end relatively early so you should be mindful of the schedules.